Blackbox_Exporter

Blackbox Exporter是一个用于黑盒情况下探测服务状态的一个工具。在Exporter内部，定义了一系列执行特定检查的模块，例如，检查Web服务器是否正在运行，DNS记录是否解析，通过ICMP检查ping目标的结果等。

安装

Linux

wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.22.0/blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -zxf blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

cp blackbox_exporter-0.22.0.linux-amd64/blackbox_exporter /usr/bin/

cat > /etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Blackbox Exporter Daemon

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/etc/blackbox_exporter.yml
User=root
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

blackbox.yml配置文件示例

modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
  tcp_connect:
    prober: tcp
  pop3s_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^+OK"
      tls: true
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
  grpc:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: true
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
  grpc_plain:
    prober: grpc
    grpc:
      tls: false
      service: "service1"
  ssh_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
      - send: "SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-check"
  irc_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - send: "NICK prober"
      - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
      - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
        send: "PONG ${1}"
      - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
  icmp_ttl5:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      ttl: 5

服务控制及验证

将Blackbox Exporter配置为systemd管理之后就可以使用systemctl命令来进行服务管理

systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
systemctl start|status|stop blackbox_exporter

通过浏览器访问http://ip:9115即可浏览控制台

通过http://ip:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=www.baidu.com格式即可看到检测信息

在Prometheus中调用Blackbox Exporter

编辑Prometheus的配置文件prometheus.yml，添加如下内容

……
scrape_configs:
……
  - job_name: "http_2xx"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    file_sd_configs:
      - files:
        - /etc/prometheus/prober/http_2xx.json
        refresh_interval: 5m
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: ip:9115
  
  - job_name: "tcp_connect"
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
     module: [tcp_connect]
    file_sd_configs:
     - files:
       - /etc/prometheus/prober/tcp_connect.json
       refresh_interval: 5m
    relabel_configs:
     - source_labels: [__address__]
       target_label: __param_target
     - source_labels: [__param_target]
       target_label: instance
     - target_label: __address__
       replacement: 172.23.210.21:9115
……

relabel_configs配置解释：通过三重标记来实现Prometheus获取检测网站的信息

第一重新标记通过将__address__标签（当前目标的地址）写入__param_target标签来创建参数；
第二个重新标记将__param_target标签写入instance标签；
最后，使用exporter的主机名（ip:9115）来重新标记__address__标签，

通过http_2xx.json文件来管理要检测的http服务 http_2xx.json文件按如下格式依次填写对应要检测的域名即可

[{
	"targets": [
		"www.baidu.com",
		"www.sina.com.cn"
	]

}]

tcp_connect.json

[{
    "targets": [
        "172.23.50.23:2181",
        "172.23.200.36:8848",
        "172.23.50.22:3306",
        "172.23.6.74:5290"
    ]
}]

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